Understanding the Mattress Firmness Scale: A Comprehensive Guide

Oct 04, 2024
Fact Checked
Choosing the right mattress firmness is essential for quality sleep. Learn how to use the mattress firmness scale to find a good balance of comfort and support tailored to your needs.
Written by: Lauren Sherman, MS
Medically reviewed by Suzanne Gorovoy, PhD

A good night’s sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. This is especially true as we get older because we may experience changes in our sleep. Mattress firmness can impact sleep quality and comfort, so choosing the right firmness level can help you sleep better.

“As chiropractors, we are always looking at new ways to help retain the health of our patients’ spines and improve their quality of life. Mattresses are one of the most significant variables we see in sleep quality and spinal health because the average person spends about a third of their life in bed,” said Shandy Grady, DC, a Denver-based chiropractor.

The mattress firmness scale, which ranges from very soft to extra-firm, can help you find a mattress that balances comfort and support for your body type, sleep position, and personal preference. A mattress that is too soft may cause the body to sink, which can lead to bad spinal alignment, while a mattress that is too firm can create pressure and discomfort. The mattress firmness scale provides a standard way to measure firmness, which allows us to make informed decisions about our bedding.

Mattress firmness scale explained

Mattress firmness refers to how soft or hard a mattress feels when lying on it. It affects the level of support and comfort a mattress provides, impacting sleep quality. The mattress firmness scale is a standardized tool that ranges from one to 10, with one being the softest and 10 being the firmest. This scale helps buyers compare the firmness levels of different mattresses, making it easier to find one that suits their specific needs.

The standard one-to-10 scale for mattress firmness ratings typically breaks down as follows:

A mattress that falls at the lower end of the scale will feel plush and allow the body to sink in more, while a mattress at the higher end will feel firmer and provide more rigid support.

Mattress firmness levels breakdown

Choosing the right mattress firmness can help you get a good night’s sleep, especially for adults with specific comfort and support needs. This breakdown describes each firmness level and its potential benefits. Contour, sinkage, support, and pressure relief are important considerations when choosing a mattress.

Extra soft (1–2 out of 10)
An extra-soft mattress will have an extremely plush feel with a lot of sinkage. A mattress with a firmness level less than three is rare and is generally considered too soft. Our Reviews Team has never found a mattress with a one to two firmness rating.

Soft (3–4 out of 10)
Soft mattresses have a plush feel with noticeable contouring. They should offer a gentle cradle for the body and provide pressure relief for side and lighter-weight (less than 130 pounds) sleepers. These mattresses are designed to cushion the body, making them an option for those who need a softer sleep surface. 

See what we recommend in our best soft mattress article.

Medium (5–6 out of 10)
Medium mattresses have a balanced feel with moderate contouring. They offer a mix of support and comfort that’s good for a wide range of sleepers and sleep positions. Mattresses in this range are a softer medium. 

True medium (6.5 out of 10)
A mattress rated 6.5 out of 10 is considered a “true medium” and is the industry standard. Medium-firm mattresses have a supportive feel with light contouring. They provide support while offering some cushioning, which is potentially good for back pain. Research shows that medium-firm mattresses are best for people with back pain. These mattresses are ideal for those needing a firmer surface to support their back and spine while providing a plush contour. This standard is considered the most popular type of mattress because it caters to many types of sleepers. 

See our recommendations in our best medium-firm mattress article.

Firm (7–8 out of 10)
Firm mattresses have a solid feel with minimal contouring. They offer a stable sleep surface with little sinkage and are often recommended for stomach and higher-weight (more than 250 pounds) sleepers. Firmer mattresses typically compress less under more weight, providing the support higher-weight sleepers need. Stomach sleepers also generally need a firmer mattress to keep the hips elevated and spine aligned. 

See our recommendations in our best firm mattress article.

Extra firm (9–10 out of 10)
Extra-firm mattresses have a rigid feel with little contouring. They provide maximum support and a flat sleep surface, good for those who prefer sleeping “on” rather than “in” their mattress. These mattresses typically appeal to higher-weight sleepers looking for extra support. 

Factors that affect firmness perception

While the mattress firmness scale provides a standard, each person’s experience of firmness can vary. Firmness is subjective based on personal preference, body type, and sleep position. What one person considers a medium-firm mattress might feel too soft or too firm to another. 

Body weight

Body weight impacts how a mattress feels. Higher-weight sleepers tend to perceive mattresses as softer because they sink deeper into the comfort layers, experiencing more contouring and less support. On the other hand, lighter-weight sleepers may find the same mattress firmer since they do not compress the materials as much, which results in less sinkage and more surface-level support. For instance, a mattress rated as medium-firm might feel soft to a person who weighs more than 250 pounds but firm to someone less than 130 pounds.

See our best mattresses for heavy people for recommendations.

Personal preference

Each person’s comfort needs and sleep habits are unique and affect how they experience a mattress’s firmness. Some prefer a softer mattress with a plush, hugging feel, while others might prefer a firmer surface with solid support and minimal contouring. Preferences can be influenced by sleep position, with side sleepers often needing a softer mattress to reduce pressure at the hip and shoulder and back or stomach sleepers needing firmer options for proper spinal alignment.

Firmness and sleeping positions

Your preferred sleep position often influences the right mattress firmness. Each sleep position requires different levels of support and contouring to maintain proper spinal alignment and ensure comfort. This section explores the best firmness levels for side, back, stomach, and combination sleepers People who sleep in more than one position throughout the night .

Choosing the right mattress firmness for you

Various factors influence your best firmness level, including health conditions, body type, and personal preferences. 

Considerations for different health conditions

For those with health conditions, like back pain or arthritis, choosing the right mattress firmness can impact sleep quality and comfort. Adults with back pain may benefit from medium-firm to firm mattresses, which provide enough support for proper spinal alignment. 

“A firmer surface will often feel better for those with back pain because it will distribute gravity and body weight evenly instead of creating pressure points around the heaviest parts of the body,” said Alyssa Lawrenson, DC, owner of Refined Chiropractic & Wellness in Parker, Colorado. 

On the other hand, those with arthritis may prefer a softer mattress that offers enhanced pressure relief to reduce joint pain and stiffness.

Here are our mattress recommendations based on specific health conditions:

Importance of pressure relief and support

When choosing a mattress, pressure relief and support should be key considerations. Pressure relief helps distribute body weight evenly, reducing stress on common pressure points The parts of the sleeper’s body that are in direct contact with the mattress, such as the backside, shoulder, hips, and ribcage . Support ensures the spine remains neutral to prevent discomfort and potential pain. A mattress that offers a good balance of pressure relief and support is ideal for all body types.

Firmness for couples with different preferences

Couples with different firmness preferences may find it challenging to choose a mattress that satisfies both parties. But a medium-firm mattress often serves as a good compromise. Beds with dual-firmness options, like a split queen or split king, can cater to people with different preferences. A split bed is two mattresses on a single frame, so each person can pick their preferred firmness. Another option is a bed with adjustable firmness like the Saatva Solaire, which you adjust with a remote. This mattress has 50 firmness settings and features separate air chambers for queen- and king-size mattresses on each side. 

We offer recommendations in our best mattress for couples article.

Edge support in relation to firmness

Edge support is an important consideration, especially for adults with mobility issues who may need extra stability when getting in and out of bed. Firmer mattresses generally provide better edge support, which prevents the edges from sagging and offers a secure perimeter. This feature also increases the usable sleep surface and adds to the overall durability of the mattress.

Temperature regulation and firmness

Studies have shown that heat exposure increases wakefulness during sleep. While a mattress’s firmness has little to do with its cooling properties, certain types of mattresses generally promote better cooling. For example, a hybrid mattress made with both foam or latex and innersprings helps with airflow because air can pass through the coils better than through foam or denser materials. Hybrid mattresses tend to be medium or firm, with the innersprings providing firmer support. But foam mattresses made with cooling materials, like gel memory foam Memory foam with small gel pods designed for cooling or copper Copper is a good conductor and can absorb and disperse body heat, helping to regulate body temperature. , can also provide good cooling. The bottom line is that you can find mattresses that provide good cooling in different materials and firmness levels. 

Testing mattress firmness

Testing mattress firmness is essential to find the best fit. Here are some tips for in-store testing and understanding sleep trials:

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“It’s impossible to figure out if a mattress will work for you unless you sleep on it for a minimum of one to two weeks. Find a place that offers free delivery and pick-up for returns with at least a 90-day trial period.” — Kevin Nelson, DC, a chiropractor at Advanced Regenerative Health in Colorado

Common misconceptions about mattress firmness

Understanding the truth behind mattress myths can help you make a more informed choice, so you can find the best mattress for you.

Softness doesn’t always mean lack of support

Another myth is that soft mattresses lack support. While it’s true that some very soft mattresses can cause too much sinkage, many modern soft mattresses are designed with quality materials and construction techniques to provide both plush comfort and good support. These mattresses can contour to the body while still maintaining spinal alignment. This is why it’s important to consider the overall design and quality of the mattress rather than assuming that if it’s soft, it lacks support.

The myth of ‘universal comfort’

The idea that there is a “universal comfort” mattress that suits everyone is a persistent myth in the mattress industry. In reality, comfort is highly subjective and varies from person to person based on body weight, sleep position, and personal preferences. While some mattresses are marketed as having universal appeal, always consider your own needs and test mattresses whenever possible. What works for one person may not be comfortable for another, so relying on the concept of universal comfort may be disappointing.

Bottom line 

Understanding how mattress firmness works can help you select a mattress that provides the right balance of comfort and support. Key considerations include your sleep position, body weight, preferences, and health conditions, like back pain or arthritis.

Remember, your idea of firmness may differ from someone else’s, so it’s important to test mattresses whenever possible and take advantage of the sleep trials many brands offer. Don’t be swayed by common misconceptions: Firmer isn’t always better for back pain, soft mattresses can still provide support, and there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for mattress comfort.

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Frequently asked questions

The ideal mattress firmness depends on your specific needs and preferences. Factors such as your sleeping position, body weight, and any specific health conditions will influence the best firmness level for you. Side sleepers generally benefit from a softer mattress (three to six on the firmness scale) for pressure relief, while back sleepers usually need a medium to medium-firm mattress (five to seven) for balanced support. Stomach sleepers typically need a firmer mattress (seven to nine) to maintain proper spinal alignment. Consider your personal comfort and support needs when choosing a mattress firmness.

Medium-firm mattresses, typically rated between five and seven on the firmness scale, are the most popular. This level of firmness offers a balanced combination of support and comfort, catering to a wide range of sleepers, including those with different body types and sleep positions. Medium-firm mattresses provide enough support to maintain spinal alignment while offering enough cushioning to relieve pressure on pressure points.

The health benefits of sleeping on a firm or soft mattress depend on your needs and preferences. Firm mattresses typically provide better support for back and stomach sleepers, which helps maintain proper spinal alignment and may reduce the risk of back pain. But a mattress that is too firm can create pressure and discomfort. On the other hand, softer mattresses can be beneficial for side sleepers and those with joint pain, as they offer better contouring and pressure relief. Ultimately, the healthiest option is a mattress that provides the right balance of support and comfort for your specific needs to ensure high-quality, pain-free sleep.

Have questions about this review? Email us at reviewsteam@ncoa.org.

Sources

  1. Radwan A, et al. Effect of Different Mattress Designs on Promoting Sleep Quality, Pain Reduction, and Spinal Alignment in Adults With or Without Back Pain; Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Sleep Health. December 2015. Found on the internet at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352721815001400
  2. Caggiari G, et al. What Type of Mattress Should be Chosen to Avoid Back Pain and Improve Sleep Quality? Review of the Literature. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Dec. 8, 2021. Found on the internet at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8655046
  3. Okamoto-Mizuno K and Mizuno K. Effects of Thermal Environment on Sleep and Circadian Rhythm. Journal of Physiological Anthropology. May 31, 2012. Found on the internet at  https://jphysiolanthropol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1880-6805-31-14
Lauren Sherman, M.S., is a health content writer with a master’s degree in human genetics from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, laboratory experience from National Jewish Health, and clinical experience from Children’s Hospital Colorado.
Suzanne Gorovoy Medical Reviewer
Suzanne Gorovoy is a clinical psychologist, behavioral sleep medicine specialist, and member of the Sleep and Health Research Program at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. She received her graduate degree in School Psychology from Teachers College at Columbia University, her PhD in Clinical Psychology from Case Western Reserve University, and completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Behavioral Sleep Medicine at the University of Arizona College of Medicine.
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